JP2000 Lecture 21

Adjective TE-Form: A_ad + te

	omoshiroku-te/yasuku-te/oishiku-te/tabe-taku-te/wakara-naku-te

	(cf.) AN Te-Form: AN + de   shizuka-de/kiree-de/joobu-de

	takakute mazui ryoori
	Kono jisho wa ookikute omoi desu.
	Ano hito wa wakakute genki desu.
	Shinbun wa muzukashikute yoku wakaranai.

	(cf.) Umi wa aoku, hiroi. [literary style]

Compound Verbs

Vn + V:
	tabe-hajimeru/yomi-owaru/aruki-mawaru/tobi-dasu/kiki-naosu/shaberi-
	sugiru/nori-kaeru

Ast + V:
	taka-sugiru/sabishi-garu

N + V:
	benkyoo-suru/kekkon-suru/puroguramu-suru
	(cf.) Vn + A :  wakari-yasui/kaki-nikui

Vn + Vaux:  yomi-masu/tabe-rareru/ko-saseru

SHIKA ... NEG 'only', 'nothing but'

	Nihongo wa sukoshi shika wakarimasen. 
	[cf. DAKE ... (AFM)]
	Sake wa biiru shika nomimasen.
	Kore wa Kanada ni shika inai doobutsu desu.

	(cf.) DAKE+SHIKA ... NEG: 

	Terebi wa supootsu dake shika mimasen.

[N.B.] SHIKA is a discourse level particle like WA and MO, which is superimposed on 
the basic sentence structure to add extra information. Same as WA and MO, SHIKA 
replaces GA and O and is added to other particles.

Noun + DE ii/kekkoo da/kamawanai: concessive/agreeable 'will do'

	Okane ga nai kara, yasui hoteru de ii desu yo.
	Gaikokugo wa Nihongo de ii desu.
	Ashita de kekkoo desu.
	Tegami de kamaimasen.

	(cf.)   Ano hito | ga | ii.
                         | de |

    		Yooku daigaku | de    | ii.
                              | de mo |

Informal Request

[Male]   Vte +  | KURENAI(KA)
		| NE/YO

[Female] Vte +  | KUDASARANAI
       		| KURENAI
		| CHOODAI (NE)
		| NE/YO

[N.B.]
KA is rarely used for a genuine question even in male informal style. KAI is used 
instead.

	*Kyoo iku ka?   	[---> Kyoo iku kai?]
      	 Kyoo ikoo ka?   	{invitation}
	 Issho ni ikanai ka?  	{invitation}

Counters:

[Room]  -ma   :  hito-ma/futa-ma/mi-ma ...

	-heya :  hito-heya/futa-heya/mi-heya ...

[House] -ken  :  ik-ken/ni-ken/san-gen/yon-ken ...

Predicative Ooi & Sukunai

	*ooi hito   	[---> takusan/oozee no hito]
	*sukunai ame  	[---> ame ga sukunai/sukoshi no ame]

Useful Expressions

yoyaku    		'reservation'  [-suru 'to reserve']
yakusoku    		'promise'      [-suru 'to promise']
shiteeseki     		'reserved seat'
sanshoku-hirune-tsuki	'with three meals and a nap'
minshuku   		'tourist home'
onsen     		'hot spring'
mooteru   		'motel'