JP1000 Lecture 17

Donatory verbs:

In Japanese culture giving and receiving gifts are considered very important.
The same idea applies to giving and receiving favours to show appreciation.
The choice of the following donatory verbs depends on whether the receiver or 
giver is senior or not, whose viewpoint the speaker takes, and who the hearer 
is.
** Illustrative Chart (.pdf)

Giving and receiving goods/favours

[speaker=giver][hearer=third party][viewpoint=speaker/giver]
 (watashi wa) sensee ni kudamono o (katte) sashi-agemashita. [receiver=senior]  
 (Watashi wa) tomodachi ni chokoreeto o (katte) agemashita.  [receiver=equal]
 (Watashi wa) otooto ni furui kamera o (katte) yarimashita.  [receiver=junior]

[speaker=receiver][hearer=third party][viewpoint=speaker/receiver]
 (Watashi wa) sensee ni kono jisho o (katte) itadakimashita. [giver=senior]
 (Watashi wa) tomodachi ni zasshi o (katte) moraimashita.    [giver=equal]
 (Watashi wa) imooto ni kono seetaa o (katte) moraimashita.  [giver=junior]
 - Ni and KARA are interchangeable only when goods are exchanged.

[speaker=receiver][hearer=third party][viewpoint=giver]
 Sensee ga (watashi ni) kono jisho o (katte) kudasaimashita. [giver=senior]
 Tomodachi ga (watashi ni) zasshi o (katte) kuremashita.     [giver=equal]
 Otooto ga (watashi ni) kono seetaa o (katte) kuremashita.   [giver=junior]

[speaker=giver][hearer=receiver][viewpoint=speaker/giver]
 (Watashi wa)(anata ni) kore (o) (katte) sashi-agemashoo.    [receiver=senior]
 (Boku wa)(kimi ni) kono geemu (o) (katte) ageru yo.	     [receiver=equal]
 (Boku wa)(omae ni) kono rajio (o) (katte) ageru/yaru yo.    [receiver=junior]

[speaker=receiver][hearer=giver][viewpoint=hearer/giver]
 (Anata wa)(watashi ni) sono kippu o (katte) kudasaimasen ka?[giver=senior]
 (Kimi wa)(boku ni) kono shigoto (o) (katte) kurenai ka?     [giver=equal]
 (Omae wa)(boku ni) sono keeki (o) (katte) kurenai ka?	     [giver=junior]
  
[N.B.]
 *Yoshida-san wa watashi ni jisho o agemashita.
 *Sensee wa watashi ni purezento o moraimashita.

  Tomodachi ga kite kuremashita. 
  "My friend took the trouble to come for me."
  Tomodachi ni kite moraimashita.
  "I asked my friend to come for me."

TE-Form + shimau

finish ~ing
          Kono hon wa moo yonde shimaimashita.
          Kanji wa zenbu oboete shimaimashoo.

end up by ~ing (regret/feeling of loss)
          Byooki ni natte shimaimashita.
          Tomodachi wa kuni e kaette shimaimashita.

     [contracted form] -chau/-jau
          Moo tabechatta?/
          Biiru zenbu nonjatta yo.

TE-Form + oku: do things in advance for future reference

          Tomodachi ga kuru kara, okashi o tsukutte okimashita.
          Ashita wa isogashii kara, kyoo ginkoo e itte okimasu.

     [contracted form] -toku
          Heya o kiree ni shitoita wa.
          Seetaa o arattoita yo.

Particle YA: A ya B (ya C) "A, B, (C,) and so forth"

          Kodomo wa sakkaa ya hokkee o yoku shimasu.
          Watashi wa sushi ya tenpura ga suki desu.

Vocabulary: Body